A bunch of info on ACR:

Raw vs. JPG vs. Tiff
https://www.lifewire.com/differences-between-jpeg-tiff-and-raw-493186

Digital Camera Raw File Support CC
http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/cameraraw.html

Photoshop CC Camera Raw
https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/how-to/make-non-destructive-edits-camera-raw.html

ACR as a Filter
https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/how-to/camera-raw-filter.html

A Digital Workflow
for Raw Processing
Part Three: White Balance
http://www.adobe.com/digitalimag/pdfs/ps_workflow_sec3.pdf

Make local adjustments in Camera Raw  -All info here is great but check out Range Mask
http://helpx.adobe.com/creative-suite/using/make-local-adjustments-camera-raw.html

How to use the Graduated Filter tool | lynda.com tutorial
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yi0A8eaBct0

Post Crop Vignette
Post Crop Vignette Quick Fix
Show: The Russell Brown Show
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v03aKlMUuCs

http://photo.tutsplus.com/tutorials/post-processing/adobe-camera-raw-for-beginners-adjustment-brush-part-1/

Color Balancing multiple parts of the photo using the Adjustment Brush in Camera Raw (CS4)
http://tv.adobe.com/watch/photoshop-with-matt/color-balancing-multiple-parts-of-a-photo/